全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3篇（精选文档）

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解1　　Listentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:下面是小编为大家整理的全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3篇（精选文档）,供大家参考。

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解1

　　Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:

　　1. Do you know who John Lennon was?

　　2. Have you ever heard the song before?

　　3. What does Lennon think of growing up? Is it easy or full of adventures?

　　4. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are going to be about?

　　The following words in the recording may be new to you:

　　monster

　　n. 怪物

　　prayer

　　n. 祈祷

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解2

　　Text 

　　When we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fit their tastes and interests. But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten. Can you guess who? Russell Baker surprised himself and everyone else when he discovered the answer.

　　WRITING FOR MYSELF

　　Russell Baker

　　The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn"t until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. Until then I"d been bored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write.

　　When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and i*lity to inspire. He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.

　　I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. Late in the year we tackled the informal essay. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics. None was quite so simple-minded as "What I Did on My Summer Vacation," but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally faced up to the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. The topic on which my eye stopped was "The Art of Eating Spaghetti."

　　This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table — Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal — and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was still a little known foreign dish in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the *s had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allen"s house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.

　　Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down sim* for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I"d learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.

　　When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone"s but mine. I was preparing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class"s attention.

　　"Now, boys," he said. "I want to read you an essay. This is titled, "The Art of Eating Spaghetti.""

　　And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. What"s more, the entire class was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile.

　　I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, "Now that, boys, is an essay, don"t you see. It"s — don"t you see — it"s of the very essence of the essay, don"t you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker."

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3

　　off and on

　　from time to time; sometimes 断断续续地;有时

　　possibility

　　n. 可能(性)

　　take hold

　　become established 生根，确立

　　bore

　　vt. make (sb.) become tired and lose interest 使(人)厌烦

　　associate

　　vt. join or connect together; bring in the mind 使联系起来;使联想

　　assignment

　　n. a piece of work that is given to a particular person(分配的)工作，任务，作业

　　turn out

　　produce 编写;生产，制造

　　agony▲

　　n. very great pain or suffering of mind or body (身心的)极度痛苦

　　assign

　　vt. give as a share or duty 分配，分派

　　anticipate

　　vt. expect 预期，期望

　　tedious

　　a. boring and lasting for a long time 乏味的;冗长的

　　reputation

　　n. 名声;名誉

　　i*lity

　　n. lack of power, skill or ability 无能，无力

　　inspire

　　vt. fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc. 激励，鼓舞

　　formal

　　a. (too) serious and careful in manner and behavior; based on correct or accepted rules 刻板的，拘谨的;正式的，正规的

　　rigid

　　a. (often disapproving) fixed in behavior, views or methods; strict 一成不变的;严格的

　　hopelessly

　　ad. very much; without hope 十分，极度;绝望地

　　excessively

　　ad. 过分地

　　out of date

　　old-fashioned 过时的

　　prim

　　a. (usu. disapproving) (of a person) too formal or correct in behavior and showing a dislike of anything rude; neat 古板的，拘谨的;循规蹈矩的;整洁的

　　primly ad.

　　severe

　　a. completely plain; causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc. 朴素的;严重的，剧烈的

　　necktie

　　n. tie 领带

　　jaw

　　n. 颌，颚

　　comic▲

　　a. 滑稽的`;喜剧的

　　n. 连环漫画(册)

　　antique

　　n. 古物，古玩

　　tackle

　　vt. try to deal with 处理，应付

　　essay

　　n. 散文，小品文;论说文

　　distribute

　　vt. divide and give out among people, places, etc. 分发，分配，分送

　　finally

　　ad. at last 最终，终于

　　face up to

　　be brave enough to accept or deal with 勇敢地接受或对付

　　scan

　　v. look through quickly 浏览，粗略地看

　　spaghetti

　　n. 意大利式细面条

　　title

　　n. a name given to a book, film, etc. 标题，题目

　　vt. give a name to 给…加标题，加题目于

　　extraordinary

　　a. very unusual or strange 不同寻常的;奇特的

　　sequence

　　n. 一连串相关的事物;次序，顺序

　　image

　　n. a picture formed in the mind 形象;印象;(图)像

　　*

　　n. a fully grown person or animal 成年人;成年动物

　　humor

　　n. 心情;幽默，诙谐

　　recall

　　vt. bring back to the mind; remember 回想起，回忆起

　　argument

　　n. 论据，论点;争论

　　respectable

　　a. (of behavior, appearance, etc.) socially acceptable 可敬的;体面的;文雅的

　　put down

　　write down 写下

　　recapture

　　vt. (lit) bring back into the mind; experience again 再现;再次经历

　　relive

　　vt. experience again, esp. in one"s imagination 再体验，重温

　　violate

　　vt. act against 违背，违反

　　compose

　　vt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.) 创作

　　turn in

　　hand in (work that one has done) 交(作业)

　　command

　　n.,v.命令，指令

　　discipline

　　n. punishment; order kept (among school-children, soldiers, etc.) 惩罚，处分;纪律

　　what"s more

　　in addition, more importantly 而且，此外;更有甚者

　　contempt▲

　　n. 轻视，轻蔑

　　ridicule

　　n. making or being made fun of 嘲笑，嘲弄;被戏弄

　　open-hearted

　　a. sincere, frank 诚挚的

　　hold back

　　prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.) 控制(感情、眼泪等)

　　avoid

　　vt. keep or get away from 避免

　　demonstration

　　n. act of showing or proving sth. 表明;证明

　　career

　　n. 生涯，事业;职业

　　seal

　　n. 印，图章

　　essence▲

　　n. the most important quality of a thing 本质;精髓

　　congratulation

　　n. (usu. pl) expression of joy for sb."s success, luck, etc. 祝贺，恭喜

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3篇扩展阅读

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3篇（扩展1）

——全新版大学英语综合教程第一册单元4课文介绍3篇

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册单元4课文介绍1

　　Part I Pre-reading Task

　　Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:

　　1. According to Dr. Hertz, what did the American Dream mean to his grandparents?

　　2. In Dr. Hertz"s opinion, who wants people to believe in the American Dream? Why?

　　3. Why does Dr. Hertz say the American Dream is in one"s head and in one"s pocket?

　　4. What do you understand by the American Dream?

　　The following words in the recording may be new to you:

　　poverty

　　n. 贫穷

　　advertising

　　n. 广告宣传

　　Part II

　　Text 

　　The American Dream means different things to different people. But for many, particularly immigrants, it means the opportunity to make a better life for themselves. For them the dream is that talent and hard work can take you from log cabin to White House. Tony Trivisonno did not rise quite so high, yet he managed to make his own dream come true.

　　TONY TRIVISONNO"S AMERICAN DREAM

　　Frederick C. Crawford

　　He came from a rocky farm in Italy, somewhere south of Rome. How or when he got to America, I don"t know. But one evening I found him standing in the driveway, behind my garage. He was about five-foot-seven or eight, and thin.

　　"I mow your lawn," he said. It was hard to comprehend his broken English.

　　I asked him his name. "Tony Trivisonno," he replied. "I mow your lawn." I told Tony that I couldn"t afford a gardener.

　　"I mow your lawn," he said again, then walked away. I went into my house unhappy. Yes, these Depression days were difficult, but how could I to turn away a person who had come to me for help?

　　When I got home from work the next evening, the lawn had been mowed, the garden weeded, and the walks swept. I asked my wife what had happened.

　　"A man got the lawn mower out of the garage and worked on the yard," she answered. "I assumed you had hired him."

　　I told her of my experience the night before. We thought it strange that he had not asked for pay.

　　The next two days were busy, and I forgot about Tony. We were trying to rebuild our business and bring some of our workers back to the plants. But on Friday, returning home a little early, I saw Tony again, behind the garage. I complimented him on the work he had done.

　　"I mow your lawn," he said.

　　I managed to work out some kind of small weekly pay, and each day Tony cleaned up the yard and took care of any little tasks. My wife said he was very helpful whenever there were any heavy objects to lift or things to fix.

　　Summer passed into fall, and winds blew cold. "Mr. Craw, snow pretty soon," Tony told me one evening. "When winter come, you give me job clearing snow at the factory."

　　Well, what do you do with such determination and hope? Of course, Tony got his job at the factory.

　　The months passed. I asked the personnel department for a report. They said Tony was a very good worker.

　　One day I found Tony at our meeting place behind the garage. "I want to be "prentice," he said.

　　We had a pretty good apprentice school that trained laborers. But I doubted whether Tony had the capacity to read blueprints and micrometers or do precision work. Still, how could I turn him down?

　　Tony took a cut in pay to become an apprentice. Months later, I got a report that he had graduated as a skilled grinder. He had learned to read the millionths of an inch on the micrometer and to shape the grinding wheel with an instrument set with a diamond. My wife and I were delighted with what we felt was a satisfying end of the story.

　　A year or two passed, and again I found Tony in his usual waiting place. We talked about his work, and I asked him what he wanted.

　　"Mr. Craw," he said, "I like a buy a house." On the edge of town, he had found a house for sale, a complete wreck.

　　I called on a banker friend. "Do you ever loan money on character?" I asked. "No," he said. "We can"t afford to. No sale."

　　"Now, wait a minute," I replied. "Here is a hard-working man, a man of character, I can promise you that. He"s got a good job. You"re not getting a * thing from your lot. It will stay there for years. At least he will pay your interest."

　　Reluctantly, the banker wrote a mortgage for $2,000 and gave Tony the house with no down payment. Tony was delighted. From then on, it was interesting to see that any discarded odds and ends around our place — a broken screen, a bit of hardware, boards from packing — Tony would gather and take home.

　　After about two years, I found Tony in our familiar meeting spot. He seemed to stand a little straighter. He was heavier. He had a look of confidence.

　　"Mr. Craw, I sell my house!" he said with pride. "I got $8,000."

　　I was amazed. "But, Tony, where are you going to live without a house?"

　　"Mr. Craw, I buy a farm."

　　We sat down and talked. Tony told me that to own a farm was his dream. He loved the tomatoes and peppers and all the other vegetables important to his Italian diet. He had sent for his wife and son and daughter back in Italy. He had hunted around the edge of town until he found a small, abandoned piece of property with a house and shed. Now he was moving his family to his farm.

　　Sometime later. Tony arrived on a Sunday afternoon, neatly dressed. He had another Italian man with him. He told me that he had persuaded his childhood friend to move to America. Tony was sponsoring him. With an amused look in his eye, he told me that when they approached the little farm he now operated, his friend stood in amazement and said, "Tony, you are a millionaire!"

　　Then, during the war, a message came from my company. Tony had passed away.

　　I asked our people to check on his family and see that everything was properly handled. They found the farm green with vegetables, the little house livable and homey. There was a tractor and a good car in the yard. The children were educated and working, and Tony didn"t owe a cent.

　　After he passed away, I thought more and more about Tony"s career. He grew in stature in my mind. In the end, I think he stood as tall, and as proud, as the greatest American industrialists.

　　They had all reached their success by the same route and by the same values and principles: vision, determination, self-control, optimism, self-respect and, above all, integrity.

　　Tony did not begin on the bottom rung of the ladder. He began in the basement. Tony"s affairs were tiny; the greatest industrialists" affairs were giant. But, after all, the balance sheets were exactly the same. The only difference was where you put the decimal point.

　　Tony Trivisonno came to America seeking the American Dream. But he didn"t find it — he created it for himself. All he had were 24 precious hours a day, and he wasted none of them.

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册单元4课文介绍2

　　driveway

　　n. 宅旁私家车道

　　mow

　　v. 修剪(草坪)，刈(草)

　　comprehend

　　vt. understand fully

　　lawn

　　n. 草地，草坪

　　turn away

　　refuse to help (sb.) or to allow (sb.) to enter a place 拒绝帮助;不让…进入

　　weed

　　v. 除去…的杂草;除草

　　n. 杂草，野草

　　assume

　　vt. suppose 假设;以为

　　compliment▲

　　vt. praise 赞扬

　　n. 赞美的言辞或行为

　　work out

　　plan; solve; calculate 制定出;解决;算出

　　weekly

　　a. happening once a week or every week 每周的;一周一次的

　　clean up

　　make clean and tidy 打扫，清除

　　helpful

　　a. giving help; useful 有帮助的;有用的

　　do with

　　(used in questions with what) 对待，处理

　　determination

　　n. 决心，决定

　　personnel

　　n. 人事部门;全体人员，全体职员

　　apprentice

　　n. 学徒

　　capacity

　　n. the ability to understand or do sth. 能力，才能

　　micrometer

　　n. 测微计，千分尺

　　precision

　　n. the quality of being exact 精密;精确(性)

　　turn down

　　refuse 拒绝

　　graduate

　　v. (使)毕业

　　n. (尤指大学)毕业生

　　skilled

　　a. having skill; needing skill 熟练的"，有技巧的;技术性的

　　grinder

　　n. 磨工

　　grind (ground)

　　vt. 磨，磨碎，碾碎

　　instrument

　　n. 工具，器械，仪器

　　for sale

　　intended to be sold 待售

　　wreck

　　n. 残破物;(尤指失事船只、飞机等的)残骸

　　call on

　　visit (sb.) for a short time 拜访

　　banker

　　n. 银行家;银行高级职员

　　loan

　　vt. lend (sth.) 借，贷

　　n. 贷款;借，贷

　　character

　　n. (人的)品德;品质;性格

　　*

　　a.，n. (infml) (usu. used in negatives) of even the smallest amount 丝毫

　　reluctantly

　　ad. 勉强地

　　reluctant a.

　　mortgage▲

　　n. 抵押借款，按揭

　　discard

　　vt. (fml)throw away 抛弃

　　odds and ends

　　零星杂物，琐碎物品

　　screen

　　n. 纱门，纱窗;屏;荧屏

　　hardware

　　n. 五金器具;(计算机的)硬件

　　spot

　　n. a particular place;a small dirty mark 地点;斑点

　　confidence

　　n. 信心

　　amaze

　　vt. surprise (sb.) very much 使惊愕，使诧异

　　amazement

　　n. 惊愕，诧异

　　pepper

　　n. 辣椒;胡椒粉

　　Italian

　　a. 意大利的

　　diet

　　n. food and drink usually taken by a person or group 日常饮食

　　send for

　　ask for the arrival of 派人去叫，召唤;派人去取

　　hunt

　　v. 寻找;打猎

　　abandon

　　vt. give up completely or forever 抛弃，放弃

　　property

　　n. land, buildings or both together; sth. which is owned (房)地产;财产

　　shed

　　n. 小屋，棚

　　vt. 使脱落;使流出，散发出

　　sometime

　　ad. 某个时候

　　sponsor

　　vt. 为…做保证人;主办，发起

　　n. 保证人;主办者，发起人

　　amuse

　　vt. cause to laugh or smile; cause to spend time in a pleasant manner 逗乐;给…提供娱乐

　　approach

　　v. come near(er) to 接近

　　millionaire▲

　　n. 百万富翁

　　pass away

　　(euph) (esp. of a person) die 去世

　　handle

　　vt. manage; control 管理，处理;操纵

　　livable

　　a. fit or pleasant to live in 适于居住的

　　homey

　　a. (infml) pleasant; like home 舒适的;像家一样的

　　tractor

　　n. 拖拉机

　　stature

　　n. 身材，身高;境界

　　industrialist

　　n. 工业家，实业家

　　route

　　n. 路线，路程

　　principle

　　n. guiding rule for behavior; basic truth 信条;原则;原理

　　vision

　　n. the ability to make great plans for the future; sight; the ability to see 远见;视觉，视力

　　optimism▲

　　n. 乐观主义

　　self-respect

　　n. proper respect for oneself 自尊;自重

　　above all

　　most important of all 最重要的是

　　integrity▲

　　n. quality of being honest and responsible; state of being complete 正直;完整

　　rung

　　n. (梯子的)横档，梯级

　　basement▲

　　n. 地下室

　　giant

　　a. of great size or force 巨大的

　　n. 巨人

　　balance

　　n. *衡;余额

　　balance sheet

　　资产负债表

　　decimal▲

　　小数

　　create

　　vt. produce or make (esp. sth. new) 创造，创作

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册单元4课文介绍3

　　Part I Pre-reading Task

　　Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:

　　1. According to Dr. Hertz, what did the American Dream mean to his grandparents?

　　2. In Dr. Hertz"s opinion, who wants people to believe in the American Dream? Why?

　　3. Why does Dr. Hertz say the American Dream is in one"s head and in one"s pocket?

　　4. What do you understand by the American Dream?

　　The following words in the recording may be new to you:

　　poverty

　　n. 贫穷

　　advertising

　　n. 广告宣传

　　Part II

　　Text 

　　The American Dream means different things to different people. But for many, particularly immigrants, it means the opportunity to make a better life for themselves. For them the dream is that talent and hard work can take you from log cabin to White House. Tony Trivisonno did not rise quite so high, yet he managed to make his own dream come true.

　　TONY TRIVISONNO"S AMERICAN DREAM

　　Frederick C. Crawford

　　He came from a rocky farm in Italy, somewhere south of Rome. How or when he got to America, I don"t know. But one evening I found him standing in the driveway, behind my garage. He was about five-foot-seven or eight, and thin.

　　"I mow your lawn," he said. It was hard to comprehend his broken English.

　　I asked him his name. "Tony Trivisonno," he replied. "I mow your lawn." I told Tony that I couldn"t afford a gardener.

　　"I mow your lawn," he said again, then walked away. I went into my house unhappy. Yes, these Depression days were difficult, but how could I to turn away a person who had come to me for help?

　　When I got home from work the next evening, the lawn had been mowed, the garden weeded, and the walks swept. I asked my wife what had happened.

　　"A man got the lawn mower out of the garage and worked on the yard," she answered. "I assumed you had hired him."

　　I told her of my experience the night before. We thought it strange that he had not asked for pay.

　　The next two days were busy, and I forgot about Tony. We were trying to rebuild our business and bring some of our workers back to the plants. But on Friday, returning home a little early, I saw Tony again, behind the garage. I complimented him on the work he had done.

　　"I mow your lawn," he said.

　　I managed to work out some kind of small weekly pay, and each day Tony cleaned up the yard and took care of any little tasks. My wife said he was very helpful whenever there were any heavy objects to lift or things to fix.

　　Summer passed into fall, and winds blew cold. "Mr. Craw, snow pretty soon," Tony told me one evening. "When winter come, you give me job clearing snow at the factory."

　　Well, what do you do with such determination and hope? Of course, Tony got his job at the factory.

　　The months passed. I asked the personnel department for a report. They said Tony was a very good worker.

　　One day I found Tony at our meeting place behind the garage. "I want to be "prentice," he said.

　　We had a pretty good apprentice school that trained laborers. But I doubted whether Tony had the capacity to read blueprints and micrometers or do precision work. Still, how could I turn him down?

　　Tony took a cut in pay to become an apprentice. Months later, I got a report that he had graduated as a skilled grinder. He had learned to read the millionths of an inch on the micrometer and to shape the grinding wheel with an instrument set with a diamond. My wife and I were delighted with what we felt was a satisfying end of the story.

　　A year or two passed, and again I found Tony in his usual waiting place. We talked about his work, and I asked him what he wanted.

　　"Mr. Craw," he said, "I like a buy a house." On the edge of town, he had found a house for sale, a complete wreck.

　　I called on a banker friend. "Do you ever loan money on character?" I asked. "No," he said. "We can"t afford to. No sale."

　　"Now, wait a minute," I replied. "Here is a hard-working man, a man of character, I can promise you that. He"s got a good job. You"re not getting a * thing from your lot. It will stay there for years. At least he will pay your interest."

　　Reluctantly, the banker wrote a mortgage for $2,000 and gave Tony the house with no down payment. Tony was delighted. From then on, it was interesting to see that any discarded odds and ends around our place — a broken screen, a bit of hardware, boards from packing — Tony would gather and take home.

　　After about two years, I found Tony in our familiar meeting spot. He seemed to stand a little straighter. He was heavier. He had a look of confidence.

　　"Mr. Craw, I sell my house!" he said with pride. "I got $8,000."

　　I was amazed. "But, Tony, where are you going to live without a house?"

　　"Mr. Craw, I buy a farm."

　　We sat down and talked. Tony told me that to own a farm was his dream. He loved the tomatoes and peppers and all the other vegetables important to his Italian diet. He had sent for his wife and son and daughter back in Italy. He had hunted around the edge of town until he found a small, abandoned piece of property with a house and shed. Now he was moving his family to his farm.

　　Sometime later. Tony arrived on a Sunday afternoon, neatly dressed. He had another Italian man with him. He told me that he had persuaded his childhood friend to move to America. Tony was sponsoring him. With an amused look in his eye, he told me that when they approached the little farm he now operated, his friend stood in amazement and said, "Tony, you are a millionaire!"

　　Then, during the war, a message came from my company. Tony had passed away.

　　I asked our people to check on his family and see that everything was properly handled. They found the farm green with vegetables, the little house livable and homey. There was a tractor and a good car in the yard. The children were educated and working, and Tony didn"t owe a cent.

　　After he passed away, I thought more and more about Tony"s career. He grew in stature in my mind. In the end, I think he stood as tall, and as proud, as the greatest American industrialists.

　　They had all reached their success by the same route and by the same values and principles: vision, determination, self-control, optimism, self-respect and, above all, integrity.

　　Tony did not begin on the bottom rung of the ladder. He began in the basement. Tony"s affairs were tiny; the greatest industrialists" affairs were giant. But, after all, the balance sheets were exactly the same. The only difference was where you put the decimal point.

　　Tony Trivisonno came to America seeking the American Dream. But he didn"t find it — he created it for himself. All he had were 24 precious hours a day, and he wasted none of them.

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3篇（扩展2）

——全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit3了解科学3篇

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit3了解科学1

　　Part I Pre-reading Task

　　Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:

　　1. Who is it about?

　　2. What questions interest him?

　　3. What makes his achievements so remarkable?

　　The following words in the recording may be new to you:

　　universe

　　n. 宇宙

　　muscle

　　n. 肌肉

　　engage

　　v. 与…订婚

　　Part II

　　Text 

　　Professor Hawking thinks it important to keep everybody in touch with what science is about. In this article he explains why.

　　PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE

　　Whether we like it or not, the world we live in has changed a great deal in the last hundred years, and it is likely to change even more in the next hundred. Some people would like to stop these changes and go back to what they see as a purer and simpler age. But as history shows, the past was not that wonderful. It was not so bad for a privileged minority, though even they had to do without modern medicine, and childbirth was highly risky for women. But for the vast majority of the population, life was nasty, brutish, and short.

　　Anyway, even if one wanted to, one couldn"t put the clock back to an earlier age. Knowledge and techniques can"t just be forgotten. Nor can one prevent further advances in the future. Even if all government money for research were cut off (and the present government is doing its best), the force of competition would still bring about advances in technology. Moreover, one cannot stop inquiring minds from thinking about basic science, whether or not they are paid for it. The only way to prevent further developments would be a global state that suppressed anything new, and human initiative and inventiveness are such that even this wouldn"t succeed. All it would do is slow down the rate of change.

　　If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to ensure that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science, so that it can make informed decisions and not leave them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public is in two minds about science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of living that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn"t understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon figure of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important element behind support for the Green parties. But the public also has a great interest in science, particularly astronomy, as is shown by the large audiences for television series such as The Sky at Night and for science fiction.

　　What can be done to harness this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is often presented in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don"t see its relevance to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a brief and accurate way of describing mathematical ideas, they frighten most people. When I wrote a popular book recently, I was advised that each equation I included would halve the sales. I included one equation, Einstein"s famous equation, E=mc2. Maybe I would have sold twice as many copies without it.

　　Scientists and engineers tend to express their ideas in the form of equations because they need to know the precise values of quantities. But for the rest of us, a qualitative grasp of scientific concepts is sufficient, and this can be conveyed by words and diagrams, without the use of equations.

　　The science people learn in school can provide the basic framework. But the rate of scientific progress is now so rapid that there are always new developments that have occurred since one was at school or university. I never learned about molecular biology or transistors at school, but genetic engineering and com*rs are two of the developments most likely to change the way we live in the future. Popular books and magazine articles about science can help to put across new developments, but even the most successful popular book is read by only a small proportion of the population. Only television can reach a truly mass audience. There are some very good science programmes on TV, but others present scientific wonders sim* as magic, without explaining them or showing how they fit into the framework of scientific ideas. Producers of television science programmes should realize that they have a responsibility to educate the public, not just entertain it.

　　The world today is filled with dangers, hence the sick joke that the reason we have not been contacted by an alien civilization is that civilizations tend to destroy themselves when they reach our stage. But I have sufficient faith in the good sense of the public to believe that we might prove this wrong.

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit3了解科学2

　　attitude

　　n. 看法;态度

　　likely

　　a. probable 可能的

　　ad. probably 可能

　　privileged

　　a. having a special advantage 有特权的

　　privilege

　　n. 特权

　　minority

　　n. 少数

　　do without

　　没有…而设法对付过去

　　highly

　　ad. very 很，非常

　　risky

　　a. full of danger; full of the possibility of failure, loss, etc. 危险的;有风险的

　　nasty

　　a. very unpleasant 令人难受的

　　brutish

　　a. 野兽般的，野蛮的

　　anyway

　　ad. (used to change the subject of a conversation or to support an idea or argument) anyhow 不管怎么说

　　put/turn the clock back

　　倒退，开倒车

　　cut off

　　stop providing (sth.); remove (sth.) by cutting 切断，中断;切下，剪下

　　competition

　　n. 竞争;比赛

　　bring about

　　make (sth.) happen 引起，导致

　　technology

　　n. 技术

　　moreover

　　ad. 而且，再者

　　inquiring

　　a. showing an interest in knowing about things 好问的，爱探索的

　　inquire

　　v. 询问

　　global

　　a. worldwide, of the whole earth 世界的，全球的

　　suppress▲

　　vt. keep from appearing 抑制;压制

　　initiative

　　n. 首创精神;主动

　　inventiveness

　　n. 发明才能，创造力

　　slow down

　　make slower 减慢

　　rate

　　n. 速度;比率

　　ensure

　　vt. make sure 保证，确保

　　democratic

　　a. 民主的.

　　informed

　　a. 有知识的，了解情况的;明智的

　　inform

　　vt. 告诉，通知

　　expert

　　n. 专家

　　at the moment

　　now 此刻，目前

　　in two minds

　　犹豫不决;三心二意

　　steady

　　a. constant; firm *稳的;稳定的

　　evident

　　a. clear, obvious 明显的

　　cartoon

　　n. 漫画;动画片

　　element

　　n. 成分;元素

　　astronomy▲

　　n. 天文学

　　audience

　　n. 观众;听众;读者

　　series

　　n. 连续;系列;系列节目

　　fiction

　　n. 小说;虚构

　　harness

　　vt. control and make use of 驾驭;利用

　　background

　　n. 背景

　　acid

　　a., n. 酸(性的);酸味的(物质)

　　greenhouse

　　n. 温室

　　nuclear

　　a. 原子核的;核心的

　　weapon

　　n. 武器

　　genetic▲

　　a. 基因的;遗传(学)的

　　engineering

　　n. 工程;工程学

　　basis

　　n. 基础

　　lie in

　　exist or be found in 在于

　　rote

　　n. 死记硬背

　　learn by rote

　　死记硬背地学习

　　relevance

　　n. 相关，关联

　　in terms of

　　从…方面(或角度)来说;按照，根据

　　equation

　　n. 等式，方程(式)

　　brief

　　a. short; quick 简洁的;短暂的

　　accurate

　　a. exact 准确的，精确的

　　mathematical

　　a. 数学的

　　halve

　　vt. 将…减半

　　tend

　　vi. be likely to happen or have a particular characteristic or effect 倾向，趋向

　　in the form of

　　having the shape of; existing in a particular form 呈…的形状;以…形式

　　precise

　　a. exact 精确的

　　qualitative

　　a. 定性的;性质上的

　　grasp

　　n. understanding 掌握，了解

　　concept

　　n. 概念

　　sufficient

　　a. as much as is needed, enough 充分的，足够的

　　convey

　　vt. make (ideas, feelings, etc.) known to another 传达;表达

　　diagram

　　n. 图表;图解

　　framework

　　n. 框架;结构

　　molecular

　　a. 分子的

　　biology

　　n. 生物学

　　transistor

　　n. 晶体管;晶体管收音机

　　put across

　　cause to be understood 解释清楚，使被理解

　　proportion

　　n. 比例;部分

　　truly

　　ad. 真正地;确实地

　　magic

　　n. 魔术;魔力

　　fit into

　　be part of a situation, system, etc.;be part of a group of people or things 适合;符合;属于

　　responsibility

　　n. 责任

　　educate

　　vt. teach or train 教育

　　entertain

　　vt. give pleasure to; have as a guest 给…以欢乐;招待

　　hence

　　ad. as a result, therefore; from this time 因此;从此

　　contact

　　vt. get in touch with 与…接触

　　alien▲

　　a. foreign; strange 外国的;陌生的

　　civilization

　　n. 文明

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3篇（扩展3）

——新版大学英语综合教程第一册章节6课文解读 (菁选2篇)

新版大学英语综合教程第一册章节6课文解读1

　　Part I Pre-reading Task

　　Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:

　　1. What do you know about Michael Jackson?

　　2. How does he feel about Ben? Why?

　　3. Do you think the song Ben reveals something about the relationship between man and animals? If so, what is it?

　　4. Is the song related to the theme of the unit — animal intelligence? How?

　　Part II

　　Text 

　　Food, warmth, sleep? Their thoughts may be much deeper than that.

　　WHAT ANIMALS REALLY THINK

　　Euqene Linden

　　Over the years, I have written extensively about animal-intelligence experiments and the controversy that surrounds them. Do animals really have thoughts, what we call consciousness? Wondering whether there might be better ways to explore animal intelligence than experiments designed to teach human signs, I realized what now seems obvious: if animals can think, they will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to.

　　And so I started talking to vets, animal researchers, zoo keepers. Most do not study animal intelligence, but they encounter it, and the lack of it, every day. The stories they tell us reveal what I"m convinced is a new window on animal intelligence: the kind of mental feats animals perform when dealing with captivity and the dominant species on the planet — humans.

　　Let"s Make a Deal

　　Consider the time Charlene Jendry, a conservationist at the Columbus Zoo, learned that a female gorilla named Colo was handling a suspicious object. Arriving on the scene, Jendry offered Colo some peanuts, only to be met with a blank stare. Realizing they were negotiating, Jendry raised the stakes and offered a piece of pineapple. At this point, while maintaining eye contact, Colo opened her hand and revealed a key chain.

　　Relieved it was not anything dangerous or valuable, Jendry gave Colo the pineapple. Careful bargainer that she was, Colo then broke the key chain and gave Jendry a link, perhaps figuring. Why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece?

　　If an animal can show skill in trading one thing for another, why not in handling money? One orangutan named Chantek did just that in a sign-language study undertaken by anthropologist Lyn Miles at the University of Tennessee. Chantek figured out that if he did tasks like cleaning his room, he"d earn coins to spend on treats and rides in Miles"s car. But the orangutan"s understanding of money seemed to extend far beyond simple dealings. Miles first used plastic chips as coins, but Chantek decided he could expand the money sup* by breaking chips in two. When Miles switched to metal chips, Chantek found pieces of tin foil and tried to make copies.

　　Miles also tried to teach Chantek more virtuous habits such as saving and sharing. Indeed, when I caught up with the orangutan at Zoo Atlanta, where he now lives, I saw an example of sharing that anyone might envy. When Miles gave Chantek some grapes and asked him to share them, Chantek promptly ate all the fruit. Then, as if he"d just remembered he"d been asked to share, he handed Miles the stem.

　　Tale of a Whale

　　Why would an animal want to cooperate with a human? Behaviorists would say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so. This is true, but I don"t think it goes far enough.

　　Gail Laule, a consultant on animal behavior, speaks of Orky, a killer whale, she knew. "Of all the animals I"ve worked with, he was the most intelligent," she says. "He would assess a situation and then do something based on the judgments he made."

　　Like the time he helped save a family member. When Orky"s mate, Corky, gave birth, the baby did not thrive at first, and keepers took the little whale out of the tank by stretcher for emergency care. Things began to go wrong when they returned the baby whale to the tank. As the workers halted the stretcher a few meters above the water, the baby suddenly began throwing up through its mouth. The keepers feared it would choke, but they could not reach the baby to help it.

　　Apparently sizing up the problem, Orky swam under the stretcher and allowed one of the men to stand on his head, something he"d never been trained to do. Then, using his tail to keep steady, Orky let the keeper reach up and release the 420-pound baby so that it could slide into the water within reach of help.

　　Primate Shell Game

　　Sometimes evidence of intelligence can be seen in attempts to deceive. Zoo keeper Helen Shewman of Seattle"s Woodland Park Zoo recalls that one day she dropped an orange through a feeding hole for Melati, an orangutan. Instead of moving away to get it, Melati looked Shewman in the eye and held out her hand. Thinking the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible, Shewman gave her another one. But when Melati moved off, Shewman noticed the original orange was hidden in her other hand.

　　Towan, the colony"s dominant male, watched this whole trick, and the next day he, too, looked Shewman in the eye and pretended that he had not yet received an orange. "Are you sure you don"t have one?" Shewman asked. He continued to hold her gaze steadily and held out his hand. Giving in, she gave him another one, then saw that he had been hiding his orange underneath his foot.

　　What is intelligence anyway? If life is about survival of a species — and intelligence is meant to serve that survival — then we can"t compare with pea-brained sea turtles, which were here long before us and survived the disaster that wiped out the dinosaurs. Still, it is comforting to realize that other species besides our own can stand back and assess the world around them, even if their horizons are more limited than ours.

新版大学英语综合教程第一册章节6课文解读2

　　extensively

　　ad. to a large extent, or in a large amount 广泛地;大量地

　　intelligence

　　n. 智力

　　intelligent

　　a. 聪明的，有才智的"

　　controversy

　　n. 争论，争议

　　surround

　　vt. be or go all around (sth. or sb.) 围绕;包围

　　consciousness

　　n. 意识

　　explore

　　vt. examine thoroughly, learn about 探究，探索

　　obvious

　　a. easy to see and understand; clear 明显的

　　vet

　　n. 兽医

　　encounter

　　vt. meet, esp. unexpectedly 遇到，遭遇

　　reveal

　　vt. make (sth.) known 展示;揭露

　　convince

　　vt. make (sb.) feel sure by the use of argument or evidence 使确信，使信服

　　feat▲

　　n. 技艺;业绩，功绩

　　captivity

　　n. 被俘;监禁;束缚

　　dominant

　　a. ruling; most important or strongest 统治的;占优势的

　　species

　　n. (单复同)物种

　　make a deal

　　reach an agreement or arrangement, esp. in business or politics 达成交易

　　conservationist

　　n. 自然资源保护论者

　　female

　　a. 雌的;女(性)的

　　n. 雌性的动物或植物;女人

　　gorilla

　　n. 大猩猩

　　suspicious▲

　　a. causing or showing a feeling that sth. is wrong 可疑的;猜疑的

　　peanut▲

　　n. 花生

　　blank

　　a. without expression; without writing, or other marks 没有表情的;空白

　　negotiate

　　vi. discuss in order to come to an agreement 谈判，协商

　　stake

　　n. (usu.pl) 奖品;奖金;赌注

　　pineapple

　　n. 凤梨，菠萝

　　maintain

　　vt. continue to do or have (sth.) 保持;继续

　　relieve

　　vt. free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease (pain, anxiety, etc.) 使减轻痛苦或焦虑等;减轻(痛苦或焦虑等)

　　link

　　n. 链环;环节;联系

　　v. join or connect 联系，连接

　　orangutan

　　n. 猩猩

　　undertake

　　vt. (undertook, undertaken) carry out; take upon oneself (a task, etc.) 从事;承担(任务等)

　　anthropologist

　　n. 人类学者

　　figure out

　　understand; reason out 理解;推断出

　　extend

　　v. (cause to) stretch or reach; make larger or longer 延伸，伸展;扩大;加长

　　dealing

　　n. (usu.pl) business relations 交易，买卖

　　plastic

　　a. 塑料的

　　chip

　　n. 薄片;碎片;集成电路片

　　expand

　　v. (cause to) grow larger 扩大，扩展

　　switch

　　v. change; shift 转换，变换

　　foil▲

　　n. 金属薄片，箔

　　virtuous

　　a. showing moral goodness 有道德的;善良的

　　envy

　　vt., n. 妒忌;羡慕

　　grape

　　n. 葡萄

　　promptly

　　ad. immediately 立即地

　　stem

　　n. 茎，(树)干，(叶)梗

　　whale

　　n. 鲸

　　cooperate

　　vi. act or work together 合作，协作

　　behaviorist

　　n. 行为主义者

　　in sb."s interest(s)

　　to sb."s advantage 为了某人的利益

　　go far

　　help very much; achieve much success 帮助很大;很有成效

　　consultant

　　n. 顾问

　　behavior

　　n. the way one acts or behaves 举止，行为

　　assess

　　vt. judge the quality, importance or worth of 评估，估量

　　judgment

　　n. 判断;意见，看法

　　mate

　　n. 配偶;伙伴，同事

　　thrive

　　vi. grow strong and healthy; develop well 茁壮成长;兴旺

　　at first

　　at the beginning 起先

　　stretcher

　　n. 担架

　　emergency

　　n. an unexpected and dangerous happening which must be dealt with at once 紧急情况;突然事件

　　go wrong

　　stop developing well 有毛病，出故障

　　halt

　　v. (cause to) stop 停住，停止

　　throw up

　　(infml) vomit 呕吐

　　apparently

　　ad. it is clear (that) 明显地

　　size up

　　carefully examine (a situation or person) in order to make a judgement 估量，判断

　　release

　　vt. set free 释放

　　slide

　　v. (cause to) move smoothly along a surface (使)滑动

　　primate

　　n. 灵长目动物

　　evidence

　　n. sth. that gives a reason for believing sth.; trace 证据;迹象

　　deceive

　　v. try to make(sb.) believe sth. that is false 欺骗

　　inaccessible

　　a. very difficult or impossible to reach 达不到的;难得到的

　　original

　　a. first or earliest 最初的;原始的

　　colony

　　n. (生长在同一地方的动物或植物)群，群体;殖民地

　　male

　　n. 雄性动物或植物;男子

　　a. 雄的;男(性)的

　　gaze

　　n., v. 凝视，注视

　　give in

　　让步;屈服;投降

　　underneath

　　prep., ad. under or below 在…下面，在…底下

　　pea-brained

　　a. 笨的

　　turtle

　　n. (海)龟

　　survive

　　v. remain alive in spite of; continue to live or exist after 幸免于;继续存在，幸存

　　survival n.

　　disaster

　　n. an event causing great suffering and damage 灾难

　　wipe out

　　get rid of or destroy 消灭，消除

　　dinosaur

　　n. 恐龙

　　horizon

　　n. 眼界，见识;地*线

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3篇（扩展4）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册克隆的课文介绍60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册克隆的课文介绍1

　　good Science or Baaaad Jdea

　　Chana Freimans Stiefel

　　Just before President Clinton heads to the hospital for knee surgery, he asks another Bill Clinton to meet Russian President Boris Yeltsin at an overseas meeting. Meanwhile, a third Bill Clinton is out playing golf, while a fourth is helping daughter Chelsea with a science project.

　　Sound far-fetched? That day may come. Scientists in Scotland recently announced that, for the first time, they have cloned an exact copy of an * sheep. The cloned baby lamb, named Dolly, has the exact same genes as the * sheep from which she was cloned. In other words, the two are identical twins; only Dolly is six years younger. The goal of embryologist lan Wilmut, the lead scientist, is to develop a way to raise identical sheep that produce medications for humans.

　　A week after Wilmut"s announcement, scientists in Oregon disclosed that they had used a different technique to clone monkeys, close cousins of humans. Faster than you can say "Frankenstein," these accomplishments triggered a worldwide debate: Should scientists be allowed to clone animals? Will humans be next? Is cloning unethical and dangerous—or is it a valuable research tool?

　　All attempts at cloning were largely unsuccessful until 1984. That"s when a scientist in Denmark separated cells from a sheep"s embryo. An embryo is an early stage of development in which cells are busy dividing and "transforming" into specialized cells like skin, eye, or muscle cells.

　　Unlike a skin cell, an embryo is on its way to becoming a complete living thing. The Danish scientist combined an embryo cell with an egg cell from another sheep. He implanted the fused cell - then a newly growing embryo - into a grown female sheep. To much surprise, the embryo grew into a baby lamb. Since then, other scientists have used embryos to clone cattle, pigs, goats, rabbits - and, now, even monkeys.

　　So what makes Wilmut"s sheep unique? Instead of using early-stage embryo cells, Wilmut used cells from the udder of an * sheep. In theory, that"s like using one of your skin cells to clone a new you!

　　Wilmut knew that each cell of the body contains a full set of genetic instructions—a blueprint to grow a complete individual. (The only exceptions are egg and sperm cells, each of which contains half the genes to grow a new individual.) Once cells have specialized, on their way to becoming skin or eye or udder cells, most of the genetic instructions to make a full being are turned off. Until now, scientists believed that specialized cells could not be used to form a complete organism.

　　Wilmut proved them wrong. He found a way to "reprogram" an udder cell and make it grow into a new cloned lamb. An amazing fact: Dolly has no biological father.

　　Wilmut"s success didn"t come easily. He has been studying reproductive science for more than two decades. Last year, he used embryos to successfully clone two sheep. Then he forged ahead to clone an * sheep. But, of 277 udder cells he fused with egg cells, only 30 began to develop into embryos. He implanted 29 of those into female sheep. Only one * gave birth to a lamb.

　　Other scientists have jumped in to repeat Wilmut"s experiment with other animals, including cows. And that"s what has scientists, animal-rights activists, politicians—even President Clinton — up in arms. How far, they wonder, will cloning go?

　　Wilmut maintains that cloning animals has tremendous potential for helping people. Cloned sheep, he says, could be used as living drug factories. Scientists could "engineer" sheep that produce drugs in their milk. And by altering the proteins on the surfaces of animal organs to make them more like human organs, scientists believe they may be able to create a plentiful source of organ donors for people.

　　Why not clone humans as organ donors? Theoretically, Wilmut says, there is no reason his techniques couldn"t someday be used to clone people. Think about the possibilities: a whole team of Michael Jordans, a scientific panel of Albert Einsteins, a movie starring and co-starring Brad Pitt.

　　On a more serious note, some fertility specialists argue that couples who have difficulty conceiving a baby could make copies of themselves. And parents whose child has a fatal disease like cancer might be able to clone the child, creating a twin who is an exact match for bone-marrow donation.

　　But even lan Wilmut draws the line at cloning humans. "All of us would find that offensive," he says. Several countries, including Britain, Denmark, Germany, and Australia, have outlawed all scientific work on cloning humans. The U.S. has no such law, but President Clinton has set up a panel of scientists and ethicists to study the issue. In the meantime, Clinton has imposed a ban on using Federal money to clone humans.

　　Humans are more than the sum of their genes, argues Mark Hanson, an ethicist at an ethics research institute in Briarcliff Manor, New York. Though they look exactly the same, clones are not necessarily carbon copies. The younger twin might grow up with different influences—say, unusual friends or special teachers. A cloned Albert Einstein might flunk physics. A cloned Madonna might sing off-key.

　　Say you were cloned. Would your twin live a shorter life because he or she started out with teenage genes? Scientists aren"t sure. And how could you prevent someone from taking a sample of your hair and making a clone of you? Again, no solutions.

　　Some opponents of cloning also object to the use of animals as research tools. "Next, they"ll be cloning minks and foxes to make more fur coats," says Cleveland Amory, president and founder of the Fund for Animals, an animal rights group.

　　What do you think? Should scientists be allowed to clone animals? How about humans?

21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册克隆的课文介绍2

　　cloning

　　n. 克隆，无性繁殖

　　surgery

　　n. 手术;外科

　　overseas

　　a. existing somewhere across the sea; foreign (在)海外的;外国的

　　ad. to, at, or in somewhere across the sea 向海外;在海外

　　meanwhile

　　ad. during the same period of time 同时

　　golf

　　n. 高尔夫球

　　far-fetched

　　a. improbable; not naturally connected 不大可能的;牵强的

　　lamb

　　n. a young sheep; the meat of a young sheep 羔羊;羔羊肉

　　gene

　　n. 基因

　　identical

　　a. 1. (with, to) exactly alike 一模一样的a.

　　2. the same 同一的

　　3. 同卵的

　　twin

　　n. 孪生儿之一;[复数] 双胞胎

　　a. 孪生的;成双的.

　　identical twins

　　[复数] 同卵双生胎;全等双生胎

　　embryologist

　　n. 胚胎学家

　　*medication

　　n. 1. medicine used to cure illness 药物

　　2. 药物治疗

　　*disclose

　　vt. 1. make known 透露;使公开

　　2. show by uncovering 使显露

　　*clone

　　vt. 克隆，(无性繁殖)复制

　　accomplishment

　　n. a remarkable achievement 成就;造诣

　　*trigger

　　vt. (off) start (a chain of events) 触发;激起

　　n. 板机;引爆器

　　unethical

　　a. morally wrong 不道德的

　　attempt

　　n. an effort made to do sth. 企图，尝试

　　vt. make an effort at; try 试图做

　　cell

　　n. 细胞

　　embryo

　　n. 胚胎

　　transform

　　vt. change completely in form, appearance or nature 彻底改变;将…转化

　　specialized, -ised

　　a. 1. fit for one particular purpose 专门的

　　2. 专化的;特化的

　　specialize, -ise

　　v. 1. 专化，特化

　　2.(in)专攻;专门研究

　　muscle

　　n. 肌肉

　　implant

　　vt. (in, into) fix dee* in the body or mind 植入;灌输

　　fuse

　　vt. 1. cause to melt in great heat 熔化

　　2. cause to join by melting 熔合

　　female

　　a. 女性的;雌的

　　n. 女子;雌性动物

　　rabbit

　　n. 野兔;兔肉

　　udder

　　n. (母牛、母山羊的)乳房;乳腺

　　contain

　　vt. hold, have within itself 包含，容纳

　　*genetica. 遗传的;基因的

　　blueprint

　　n. a photographic copy in white or blue paper 蓝图;计划

　　exception

　　n. 例外

　　organism

　　n. 1. a living being 生物，有机体

　　2. a whole made of special parts 有机组织

　　reprogram

　　vt. l. 改编…的编码指令序列

　　2. 为…重新编程

　　reproductive

　　a. concerned with producing young or copying 生殖的;复制的

　　*forge

　　vi. (ahead) move steadily and purposely forward 稳步前进

　　activist

　　n. a person who takes or supports vigorous action, esp. for a political cause 激进分子，积极分子

　　tremendous

　　a. very great in size, amount or degree 巨大的，极大的

　　alter

　　v. (cause to) become different 改变，(使)变样

　　protein

　　n. 蛋白质

　　organ

　　n. 1. a part of the body with a particular function 器官n.

　　2. 风琴;管风琴

　　plentiful

　　a. existing in large amounts or numbers 充足的，丰富的

　　donor

　　n. l.(组织、器官等的)供体，供者

　　2. a person who gives or presents 赠送人;捐赠者

　　theoretically

　　ad. according to theory 理论上

　　panel

　　n. 1. a small group of people chosen to do sth. 专门小组

　　2. 镶板;嵌板

　　co-star

　　vt. 使联袂主演

　　fertility

　　n. 繁殖力;肥沃

　　specialist

　　n. expert 专家

　　*conceive

　　vt. 1. become pregnant (with a child) 怀(孕);受(孕)

　　2. think of, imagine 构想;设想

　　fatal

　　a. 1. causing death 致命的

　　2. very dangerous and unfortunate 毁灭性的;不幸的

　　marrow

　　n. 髓，骨髓

　　bonemarrow

　　n. 骨髓

　　donation

　　n. the act of donating or sth. donated 捐赠;捐赠物

　　offensive

　　a. causing offense; unpleasant 冒犯的;使人难受的

　　outlaw

　　vt. declare unlawful 宣布…为非法

　　n. criminal 歹徒;逃犯

　　ethicist

　　n. 伦理学家

　　meantime

　　n. the time between two events 其间，其时

　　impose

　　vt. (on, upon) 1. force the acceptance of 把…强加于

　　2. establish (an additional payment) officially 征(税)

　　ban

　　n. (on) an order to forbid sth. 禁令;禁止

　　vt. forbid by law 禁止;取缔

　　federal

　　a. l. [F-](美国)联邦*的

　　2. 联盟的;联邦的

　　*ethics

　　n. 伦理学;道德学

　　flunk

　　vt. fail (an examination or course) 通不过(考试等)

　　off-key

　　a. 走调的，不和谐的

　　opponent

　　n. a person who acts against sb. or sth. or who takes the opposite side 反对者;对手;敌手

　　mink

　　n. 水貂;水貂毛皮

　　Phrases and Expressions

　　for the first time

　　第一次，破天荒

　　in other words

　　expressing the same meaning in another way 换句话说

　　on one"s way to

　　moving towards 接近，将要

　　to much surprise

　　令人大为惊异的是

　　in theory

　　理论上

　　give birth to

　　produce 产(仔);生(孩子)

　　jump in

　　join in with vigor or eagerness (踊跃或热切地)加入

　　up in arms

　　angry (about sth.) and protesting strongly 极力反对

　　draw the line at

　　refuse to do or accept 拒绝做;拒绝接受

　　set up

　　found or establish 设立，建立

　　in the meantime

　　in the period of time between two events 在此期间，与此同时

　　start out

　　begin 开始

　　object to

　　be against 反对

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3篇（扩展5）

——21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解60篇

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解1

　　First Listening

　　Before listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words.

　　genetics

　　遗传学

　　psychiatry

　　精神病学

　　persistent

　　坚持不懈的

　　Second Listening

　　Listen to the tape again and then answer the following questions.

　　1.What question did professor Simonton"s research project seek to answer?

　　2.What three personality traits of great people are mentioned?

　　a) __________________________________________________________.

　　b) __________________________________________________________.

　　c) __________________________________________________________.

　　3.What negative trait of "great" people is mentioned?

　　4. Does professor Simonton believe that great people are more often mentally ill than other people?

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解2

　　Michael Ryan

　　As a young boy, Albert Einstein did so poorly in school that teachers thought he was slow. The young Napoleon Bonaparte was just one of hundreds of artillery lieutenants in the French Army. And the teenage George Washington, with little formal education, was being trained not as a soldier but as a land surveyor.

　　Despite their unspectacular beginnings, each would go on to carve a place for himself in history. What was it that enabled them to become great? Were they born with something special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and, perhaps, an uncompromising personality?

　　For decades, scientists have been asking such questions. And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help explain why some people rise above, while others—similarly talented, perhaps—are left behind. Their findings could have implications for us all.

　　Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one measures success. But there are some criteria. "Someone who has made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great," said Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of psychology at the University of California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: "Sometimes great people don"t make it into the history books. A lot of women achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized."

　　In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge about great figures with recent findings in genetics, psychiatry and the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or revolutionized science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he doesn"t have a formula to define how or why certain people rise above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few common characteristics.

　　A "never surrender" attitude. If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. "There"s a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal," he explained. "But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It"s a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion."

　　He cited Winston Churchill, Britain"s prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his country"s morale was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said, "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surrender."

　　Can you be born great? In looking at Churchill"s role in history—as well as the roles of other political and military leaders—Simonton discovered a striking pattern: "Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in time of crisis: They"re used to taking charge. But middle-borns are better as peacetime leaders: They listen to different interest groups better and make the necessary compromises. Churchill, an only child, was typical. He was great in a crisis, but in peacetime he was not effective—not even popular."

　　Timing is another factor. "If you took George Washington and put him in the 20th century he would go nowhere as a politician," Simonton declared. "He was not an effective public speaker, and he didn"t like shaking hands with the public. On the other hand, I"m not sure Franklin Roosevelt would have done well in Washington"s time. He wouldn"t have had the radio to do his fireside chats."

　　Can you be too smart? One surprise among Simonton"s findings is that many political and military leaders have been bright but not overly so. Beyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the ability to communicate effectively, become more important than innate intelligence as measured by an IQ test. The most intelligent U.S. Presidents, for example—Thomas Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson and John F. Kennedy—had a hard time getting elected, Simonton said, while others with IQs closer to the average (such as Warren G. Harding) won by landslides. While political and economic factors also are involved, having a genius IQ is not necessary to be a great leader.

　　In the sciences, those with "genius level" IQs do have a better chance at achieving recognition, added Simonton. Yet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional ways of thinking may be just as important.

　　He pointed to one recent study where college students were given a set of data and were asked to see if they could come up with a mathematical relation. Almost a third did. What they did not know was that they had just solved one of the most famous scientific equations in history: the Third Law of Planetary Motion, an equation that Johannes Kepler came up with in 1618.

　　Kepler"s genius, Simonton said, was not so much in solving a mathematical challenge. It was in thinking about the numbers in a unique way—ap*ing his mathematical knowledge to his observations of planetary motion. It was his boldness that set him apart.

　　Love your work. As a child, Einstein became fascinated with the way magnets are drawn to metal. "He couldn"t stop thinking about this stuff," Simonton pointed out. "He became obsessed with problems in physics by the time he was 16, and he never stopped working on them. It"s not surprising that he made major contributions by the time he was 26."

　　"For most of us, it"s not that we don"t have the ability," Simonton added, "it"s that we don"t devote the time. You have to put in the effort and put up with all the frustrations and obstacles."

　　Like other creative geniuses, Einstein was not motivated by a desire for fame, said Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his work was what set him apart.

　　Where such drive comes from remains a mystery. But it is found in nearly all creative geniuses—whether or not their genius is acknowledged by contemporaries.

　　"Emily Dickinson was not recognized for her poetry until after her death," said Simonton. "But she was not writing for fame. The same can be said of James Joyce, who didn"t spend a lot of time worrying about how many people would read Finnegans Wake."

　　Today, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion for one"s work is a key to rising above. In a 1985 study at Brandeis University conducted by Teresa Amabile, now a professor of business administration at Harvard University, a group of professional writers—none famous—were asked to write a short poem. Each writer was then randomly placed in one of three groups: One group was asked to keep in mind the idea of writing for money; another was told to think about writing just for pleasure; and a third group was given no instruction at all.

　　The poems then were submitted anonymously to a panel of professional writers for evaluation. The poetry written by people who thought about writing for money ranked lowest. Those who thought about writing just for pleasure did the best. "Motivation that comes from enjoying the work makes a significant difference, "Amabile said.

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解3

　　artillery

　　n. heavy guns, often mounted on wheels, used in fighting on land, branch of an army that uses these 火炮;大炮;炮兵(部队)

　　surveyor

　　n. a person whose job is to examine and record the area and features of a piece of land by measuring and calculating (土地)测量员;勘测员

　　unspectacular

　　a. ordinary; not exciting or special 不引人注意的;不惊人的

　　spectacular

　　a. (attracting attention because) impressive or extraordinary 引人注目的;出色的;与众不同的

　　carve

　　vt. 1. form (sth.) by cutting away material from wood or stone 雕刻;雕刻成

　　2. build (one"s career, reputation, etc.)by hard work 靠勤奋创(业)，靠勤奋树(名声)

　　uncompromising

　　a. not ready to make any compromise; firm or unyielding. 不妥协的.，坚定的;不让步的

　　influential

　　a. having a lot of influence on sb./sth. 有影响的;有权势的

　　genetics

　　n. the scientific study of the ways in which different characteristics are passed from each generation of living things to the next 遗传学

　　psychiatry

　　n. the study and treatment of mental illness 精神病学;精神病治疗

　　compose

　　vt. write (music, opera, poetry, etc.) 创作(音乐、歌剧、诗等)

　　symphony

　　n. a long complex musical composition for a large orchestra, usu. in three or four parts 交响乐

　　characteristic

　　n. a typical feature or quality 特点

　　unrelenting

　　a. not becoming less strong or severe; continuous 不松懈的，不放慢的;持续的

　　endow

　　vt. provide (sb./sth.) with a good quality, ability, feature, etc. 给予，赋予

　　super-normal

　　a. 超出一般的;超常的;非凡的

　　amazing

　　a. extremely good; esp. in a surprising and unexpected way 惊人的，令人吃惊的

　　cite

　　vt. mention (sb./sth.) as an example or to support an argument; refer to 引用，引证;举出

　　risk-taker

　　n. a person who dares to take risks 敢于冒险的人

　　thrust

　　vt. push (sth./sb./oneself) suddenly or violently (用力)推;强使

　　morale

　　n. state of confidence, enthusiasm, determination, etc. that a person or group has at a particular time 士气，精神状态

　　brilliantly

　　ad. in an outstanding manner 杰出地;才华横溢地

　　Allied

　　a. of the Allies (a group of countries fighting on the same side in a war, esp. those which fought with Britain in World Wars I and II) (第一次世界大战时期)协约国的;(第二次世界大战时期)同盟国的

　　ally

　　n. person, country, etc. joined with another in order to give help and support 同盟者;同盟国

　　evacuation

　　n. leaving a place of danger for a safer place 撤离;撤退

　　evacuate

　　v. 1. remove (sb.) from a place of danger to a safer place 撤退，撤出

　　2. leave or withdraw from (a place) 撤离(某处)

　　flag

　　vi. become tired or weak; begin to lose enthusiasm or energy 疲乏;变弱;(热情、精力等)衰退，低落

　　striking

　　a. attracting attention; unusual or interesting enough to be noticed 引人注目的;显著的，突出的

　　firstborn

　　n. a child born before other children 长子(或长女)

　　peacetime

　　n. a period when a country is not at war 和*时期

　　fireside

　　n. part of a room beside the fireplace, esp. considered as a warm comfortable place 壁炉旁

　　chat

　　n. a friendly informal conversation 闲谈，聊天

　　fireside chat

　　炉边亲切闲谈;(政治领袖在无线电或电视广播中)不拘形式的讲话

　　innate

　　a. (of a quality, feeling, etc.) in one"s nature; possessed from birth 天生的

　　landslide

　　n. (竞选中)压倒多数的选票;一面倒的胜利

　　equation

　　n. 等式;方程(式)

　　boldness

　　n. the state or quality of being confident and brave 勇敢，无畏

　　bold

　　a. confident and brave; daring 勇敢的，无畏的;敢作敢为的

　　magnet

　　n. a piece of iron or other material that can attract iron, either naturally or because of an electric current passed through it 磁铁

　　obsession

　　n. the state of being obsessed 着迷

　　contemporary

　　n. a person who lives or lived at the same time as another, usu. being roughly the same age 同代人;(几乎)同年龄的人

　　a. belong to the same time; of the present time; modern 属于同一时代的;当代的;现代的

　　poetry

　　n. poems collectively or in general [总称]诗

　　intrinsic

　　a. (of a value or quality) belonging naturally to sb./sth.; existing within sb./sth., rather than coming from outside 固有的;本质的;内在的

　　randomly

　　ad. without method or conscious choice 任意地，胡乱地

　　submit

　　vt. give (sth.) to sb./sth. so that it may be formally considered or so that a decision about it may be made 提交，呈递

　　anonymously

　　ad. without revealing one"s name 用匿名的方式

　　evaluation

　　n. the act of assessing or forming an idea of the amount, quality or value of sb./sth. 评价，评估

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解4

　　have (sth., nothing, a lot, etc.) to do with sb./sth.

　　be connected or concerned with sb./sth. to the extent specified 与某人 / 某事有(一些、毫无、很大)关系

　　make history

　　be or do sth. so important or unusual that it will be recorded in history 创造历史，影响历史的进程;做出值得纪念(或载入史册的)事情

　　rise above

　　become successful or outstanding 取得成功;出类拔萃

　　leave behind

　　cause to lag behind; surpass 把…丢在后面;超过

　　focus on

　　concentrate on 集中于;着重于

　　be endowed with

　　naturally have a good quality, ability, feature, etc. 天生具有

　　come out of

　　originate in or develop from 从…中获得;从…中发展而来

　　build...upon

　　base ... on; use (sth.) as a foundation for further progress 把…建立在…上

　　take charge

　　take control (of sth.); be responsible (for sth.) 掌管;负责

　　go /get nowhere

　　achieve no success or make no progress 不能成功;无进展

　　set ... apart

　　make (sb./sth.) different from or superior to others 使显得突出，使显得与众不同

　　put up with

　　tolerate or bear (sb./sth.) 忍受，容忍

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3篇（扩展6）

——全新版大学英语综合教程第二册单元8课文解读3篇

全新版大学英语综合教程第二册单元8课文解读1

　　Part I Pre-Reading Task

　　Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:

　　1. What kind of paradise is described in the song?

　　2. Why do people have to pay to see the trees?

　　3. What would happen if farmers continued to use DDT?

　　4. What is the theme of the song?

　　The following words in the recording may be new to you:

　　pink

　　a. 粉红色的

　　boutique

　　n. 时装店

　　hot spot

　　n. (sl.) nightclub 夜总会

　　insect

　　n. 昆虫

　　Part II

　　Text 

　　Protecting nature certainly has benefits, but it has costs as well. How are we to balance the two when deciding how far we should go in caring for the environment?

　　SAVING NATURE, BUT ONLY FOR MAN

　　Charles Krauthammer

　　Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, belief in democracy or aversion to nylon. But now that everyone has claims to love Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, restrictions, projects, regulations and laws advanced in the name of the environment? Clearly not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How to choose?

　　There is a simple way. First, distinguish between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things it would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Then ap* a rule. Call it the fundamental principle of sensible environmentalism: Combating ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury.

　　For example: preserving the atmosphere, by both protecting the ozone layer and halting the greenhouse effect, is an environmental necessity. In April scientists reported that ozone damage is far worse than previously thought. Ozone reduction not only causes skin cancer and eye cataracts, it also destroys plankton, the beginning of the food chain on top of which we humans sit.

　　The reality of the greenhouse effect is more speculative, though its possible consequences are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disturbed climate, dried up plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets. The American Midwest feeds the world. Are we prepared to see Iowa acquire Albuquerque"s climate? And Siberia acquire Iowa"s?

　　Ozone reduction and the greenhouse effect are human disasters. They happen to occur in the environment. But they are urgent because they directly threaten man. A sensible environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will win universal public support, begins by unashamedly declaring that nature is here to serve man. A sensible environmentalism is entirely man-centered: it calls for man to preserve nature, but on the grounds of self-preservation.

　　A sensible environmentalism does not sentimentalize the earth. It does not ask people to sacrifice in the name of other creatures. After all, it is hard enough to ask people to sacrifice in the name of other humans. (Think of the public resistance to foreign aid and welfare.) Ask hardworking voters to sacrifice in the name of the snail darter, and, if they are feeling polite, they will give you a shrug.

　　Of course, this man-centeredness runs against the grain of a contemporary environmentalism that worships the earth to the point of excess. One scientific theory — Gaia theory — actually claims that Earth is a living organism. This kind of environmentalism likes to consider itself spiritual. It is nothing more than sentimental. It takes, for example, a highly selective view of the kindliness of nature. My nature worship stops with the May storms that killed more than 125,000 Bengalis and left 10 million homeless.

　　A non-sentimental environmentalism is one founded on Protagoras" principle that "Man is the measure of all things." Such a principle helps us to fight our way through the jungle of environmental argument. Take the current debate raging over oil drilling in a corner of the Alaska National Wildlife Refuge. Environmentalists, fighting against a bill working its way through Congress to permit such exploration, argue that we should be conserving energy instead of drilling for it. This is a false either/or proposition. The country does need a substantial energy tax to reduce consumption. But it needs more production too. Government estimates indicate a nearly fifty-fifty chance that under the ANWR lies one of the five largest oil fields ever discovered in America.

　　We have just come through a war fought in part over oil: Energy dependence costs Americans not just dollars but lives. It is a ridiculous sentimentalism that would deny ourselves oil that is peacefully attainable because it risks disrupting the breeding grounds of Arctic reindeer.

　　I like the reindeer as much as the next man. And I would be rather sorry if their mating patterns are disturbed. But you can"t have everything. And if the choice is between the welfare of reindeer and reducing oil dependence that gets people killed in wars, I choose man over reindeer every time.

　　Similarly the spotted owl. I am no enemy of the owl. If it could be preserved at no or little cost, I would agree: the variety of nature is a good, a high aesthetic good. But it is no more than that. And sometimes aesthetic goods have to be sacrificed to the more fundamental ones. If the cost of preserving the spotted owl is the loss of livelihood for 30,000 logging families, I choose family over owl.

　　The important distinction is between those environmental goods that are fundamental and those that are merely aesthetic. Nature is our charge. It is not our master. It is to be respected and even cultivated. But it is man"s world. And when man has to choose between his well-being and that of nature, nature will have to accommodate.

　　Man should accommodate only when his fate and that of nature are bound up together. The most urgent accommodation must be made when the very integrity of man"s environment — e.g., atmospheric ozone — is threatened. When the threat to man is of a lesser order (say, the pollutants from coal- and oil-fired generators that cause death from disease but not fatal damage to the ecosystem), a more moderate accommodation that balances economic against health concerns is in order. But in either case the principle is the same: protect the environment — because it is man"s environment.

　　The sentimental environmentalists will call this saving nature with a totally wrong frame of mind. Exactly. A sensible — a humanistic — environmentalism does it not for nature"s sake but for our own.

全新版大学英语综合教程第二册单元8课文解读2

　　environmental

　　a. (自然)环境的

　　environment n.

　　sensitivity

　　n. 敏感(性)

　　belief

　　n. 信念，信仰;相信

　　democracy

　　n. 民主(制度)

　　conflicting

　　a. being in disagreement, collision, or opposition 不一致的，冲突的，矛盾的

　　conflict vi.

　　proposal

　　n. sth. proposed 提议，建议

　　restriction

　　n. sth. that restricts, such as a law or rule 限制;限制性规定

　　regulation

　　n. an official rule or order 规章;规定

　　in the name of

　　for the reason of; using the excuse of 以…为由，以…为借口，以…的名义

　　distinguish

　　v. recognize the difference (between) 区别，辨别

　　regardless

　　ad. in spite of everything; anyway 不顾一切地;无论如何

　　fundamental

　　a. of the basis or foundation of sth. 基本的，根本的

　　environmentalism

　　n. 环境保护论;环境论

　　combat

　　v. fight or struggle (against) (与…)斗争，战斗

　　ecological

　　a. of ecology 生态的;生态学的

　　atmosphere

　　n. 大气;气氛

　　ozone▲

　　n. 臭氧

　　layer

　　n. a single thickness of a material covering a surface 层

　　reduction

　　n. making or becoming less or smaller 减少

　　cancer

　　n. 癌，恶性肿瘤

　　cataract

　　n. 白内障

　　plankton

　　n. 浮游生物

　　reality

　　n. 现实;真实

　　speculative

　　a. 猜测性的，推测的

　　consequence

　　n. the result or effect of an action or condition 后果，结果

　　deadly

　　a. causing or able to cause fatal injury or serious damage 致命的，毁灭性的

　　melt

　　v. (cause a solid to) become liquid (使)融化，(使)熔化

　　urgent

　　a. calling for immediate attention 紧急的;急迫的

　　universal

　　a. 全世界的;普遍的，全体的

　　unashamedly

　　ad. without showing guilt or embarrassment 坦然地，满不在乎地

　　man-centered

　　a. 以人为中心的，只考虑人类的利益的"

　　call for

　　require, demand 要求

　　on the grounds of/on…grounds

　　for reasons of 因为;以…为理由

　　self-preservation

　　n. 自我保护

　　sentimentalize

　　vt. treat or consider in a sentimental way 感情用事地对待(或看待)

　　creature

　　n. a living being, especially an animal 生物(尤指动物)

　　resistance

　　n. opposition 反对，反抗

　　voter

　　n. 投票者，(法定)选举人

　　vote

　　v. express one"s choice in favour of (a person or political party) at an election 投票选举

　　snail darter

　　n. 蜗牛鱼(一种濒临绝种的很小的淡水鱼)

　　run/go against the grain (of sth. or to do sth.)

　　be contrary to one"s inclination, desire, or feeling 与(…)格格不入;违反意愿(做某事)

　　contemporary

　　a. current; modern 当代的，现代的

　　worship

　　n., vt. 崇拜;崇敬

　　to the point of

　　to a degree that can be described as 达到…的程度

　　excess

　　n. more than the reasonable degree or amount 过节，无节制

　　organism

　　n. 生物体，有机体

　　spiritual

　　a. of the spirit as opposed to matter 精神的;非物质的

　　nothing more than

　　just the same as; only 无异于;只不过，仅仅

　　sentimental

　　a. 感情用事的;多愁善感的

　　selective

　　a. of or characterized by selection 选择的;有选择性的

　　Bengali

　　n., a. 孟加拉人(的);孟加拉语(的);孟加拉的

　　jungle

　　n. 杂乱无章的事物;(热带)丛林

　　current

　　a. occurring in or existing at the present time 当前的，现在的

　　debate

　　n. 辩论;争论

　　rage

　　vi. continue with great force; be intense 激烈地进行

　　wildlife

　　n. wild animals and vegetation, especially animals living in a natural state (总称)野生动物(尤指野生动物)

　　refuge▲

　　n. a place providing protection or shelter 庇护所;避难处

　　work one"s way

　　manage to reach or go through; make efforts to attain one"s goal 设法抵达(或获得通过);努力达到目标

　　congress

　　n. 国会;立法机关;*

　　exploration

　　n. the act or an instance of exploring 勘查，探测;探索

　　conserve▲

　　vt. protect from loss or harm; preserve 保护;保存

　　either/or

　　a. 只能两者择其一的

　　proposition▲

　　n. 提议;命题

　　consumption

　　n. the act of consuming; the amount consumed 消费(量)

　　come through

　　experience, survive or overcome (a difficulty, etc.) 经历;从(…中)活下来(或挺过来)

　　in part

　　to some extent; partly 在某种程度上;部分地

　　dependence

　　n. the state of being dependent 依靠，依赖

　　ridiculous

　　a. absurd 可笑的，荒谬的

　　sentimentalism

　　n. 感情用事;多愁善感，感伤主义

　　deny

　　vt. refuse to grant or allow 不给;不准

　　attainable

　　a. that can be reached or achieved 可达到的;可得到的

　　attain

　　vt. 达到;取得

　　disrupt▲

　　vt. throw into confusion or disorder 使陷于混乱;干扰

　　breeding ground

　　动物繁殖的地方

　　breed (bred)

　　v. bear, produce (young) (使)繁殖;产(后代)

　　reindeer

　　n. (单复同)驯鹿

　　Arctic

　　a., n. 北级(的)，北极圈(的)

　　mate

　　v. (使)交配

　　similarly

　　ad. in a similar way 同样地，相同地

　　owl▲

　　n. 猫头鹰

　　aesthetic▲

　　a. 美学的;美感的;美的

　　livelihood

　　n. a means of living 生计

　　logging

　　n. 伐木业

　　log

　　v. cut down, trim, and haul (timber) 砍伐;伐(木)

　　distinction

　　n. difference 区别，差别

　　charge

　　n. a person or thing committed to the care of another 被照管的人(或事物)

　　well-being

　　n. the state of being healthy, happy, or prosperous 幸福;福祉

　　accommodate▲

　　vi. adapt 适应新的情况;迁就

　　vt. 容纳，向…提供住处;协调

　　accommodation n.

　　fate

　　n. 命运，结局

　　bind (bound)

　　vt. tie or fasten; tie together 捆，绑;将…绑在一起

　　e.g. (abbr.)

　　for example 例如

　　atmospheric

　　a. of, relating to, or existing in the atmosphere 大气的

　　threat

　　n. 威胁

　　lesser

　　a. smaller in amount, value, or importance 较小的，更少的，次要的

　　pollutant

　　n. something that pollutes 污染物

　　generator

　　n. 发电机

　　fatal

　　a. causing death; bringing ruin 致命的;毁灭性的

　　ecosystem

　　n. 生态系统

　　moderate

　　a. not extreme; within sensible limits 适中的;适度的

　　concern

　　n. 有利害关系的事，关心的事，担扰

　　frame

　　n. state, condition; basic structure around which sth. is built 状态;框架，构架

　　frame of mind

　　mental attitude or outlook 心绪;心境

　　humanistic

　　a. of humanism or humanists 人本主义的，人文主义的

全新版大学英语综合教程第二册单元8课文解读3

　　Charles Krauthammer

　　杰尔斯·克劳特哈默

　　Midwest

　　美国中西部

　　Lowa

　　(美国)爱荷华州

　　Albuquerque

　　阿尔伯克基(美国新墨西哥州城市)

　　Siberia

　　西伯利亚(俄罗斯一地区)

　　Gaia

　　(希神)盖亚(大地女神)

　　Protagoras

　　普罗泰戈拉 (c.481 — c.411 B.C.，古希腊哲学家)

　　Alaska

　　(美国)阿拉斯加州

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Unit1课文讲解3篇（扩展7）

——新视野大学英语读写教程词汇第一册Unit2听课笔记

新视野大学英语读写教程词汇第一册Unit2听课笔记1

　　New Words

　　<1>concernn.1.[U] a feeling of worry 担心;忧虑

　　The key clicked in the lock. 钥匙在琐里咔嗒响了一声。

　　Her shoes clicked against the floor as she walked. 她走动时，鞋在地板上咔噔咔噔作响。

　　n.[C] a short, sharp sound 咔嗒声

　　The door opened with a click. 门咔嗒一声开了。

　　I heard a click, and then the phone went dead. 我听到咔嗒一声电话就挂了。

　　<3>blastvi.produce a lot of noise, esp. music 发出响亮的声音(尤指音乐)

　　The sun came forth from behind the clouds. 太阳从云后出来。

　　The house was still burning with thick black smoke pouring forth. 房子还在燃烧，冒出浓浓的黑烟。

　　<5>burstvi.(burst, burst) move somewhere suddenly or quickly, esp. into or out of a place 冲，闯

　　This tastes horrible! 真难吃!

　　The weather has been really horrible all week. 这一周天气真是糟糕透了。

　　2.shocking; frightening 可怕的;令人恐惧的

　　What a horrible story! 可怕的故事!

　　It"s horrible to hear that so many people in the world are hungry and don"t have food. 听到世界上有这么多人挨饿，没东西吃，感到很可怕。

　　<7>stuffn.[U] sth. that one does not know the correct name 东西

　　I"m not keen on the tune but I love the rhythm. 我不特别喜欢那曲调，但喜欢它的节奏。

　　You need to feel the rhythm of the music in order to dance properly. 为了跳好舞，你需要感受音乐的节奏。

　　<9>grabvt.take sth. suddenly or roughly 抓住，夺得

　　The doctor gave the patient a thorough check-up. 医生为病人做了全面检查。

　　The police made a thorough search of the house and found the child hiding under a chair. 警察彻底搜查了那所房子，发现孩子藏在椅子下。

　　<11>　thoroughly ad. carefully and completely 完全地;彻底地

　　We thoroughly enjoyed our holiday. 我们假期玩得非常开心。

　　Eating only thoroughly cooked foods will reduce your risk of illness. 只吃完全煮熟的食物可以减少生病的危险。

　　<12>makeupn.[U] paint, powder, creams, etc. that people put on their face 化妆品

　　She hadn"t taken off her stage makeup yet when I saw her. 我见到她时她还没有缷去戏妆。

　　After I put on my makeup, I"ll be ready to go with you to the restaurant. 我化好妆后，就准备和你去饭馆。

　　<13>toastn.1. [U] bread made brown by heating 烤面包

　　He had toast for breakfast. 他早餐吃了烤面包。

　　She had a slice of toast and a cup of coffee. 她吃了一块烤面包，喝了一杯咖啡。

　　2. [C] an act of drinking, esp. in order to thank sb., wish sb. luck, etc. 祝酒，干杯

　　We drank a toast to our teacher"s health. 我们干杯祝老师身体健康。

　　I"d like to propose a toast to the bride and groom. 我提议为新娘新郎干杯。

　　vt.hold up one"s glass and wish sb. success, happiness, luck, etc. 祝酒，干杯

　　Let"s toast the friendship between our two countries. 让我们为两国的友谊干杯。

　　Let"s toast Edward for a job well done. 让我们为爱德华出色的工作干杯。

　　<14>disgustinga.very unpleasant 令人厌恶的，令人反感的

　　A bad egg has a disgusting smell. 臭蛋味道很难闻。

　　Rubbish was piled everywhere—it was disgusting. 到处堆着垃圾，真叫人恶心。

　　<15>bugvt.(infml.) bother; annoy; trouble 打扰;使烦恼

　　It really bugs me when people come around without calling first. 有些人不先打电话就来，实在讨厌。

　　It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money. 我必须加班加点地干这么多小时，却没有额外的工钱，实在让人烦恼。

　　<16>eyelinern.[C] 描眼膏;眼线笔

　　French eye-liners are well-known to the world. 法国眼线笔世界有名。

　　She was wearing thick, black eyeliner. 她描了浓浓的黑色眼线。

　　<17>tattoon.[C] patterns made by putting ink into the skin 文身

　　She said she hated to see the tattoo on his arm. 她说她讨厌看见他手臂上的刺纹。

　　He has a tattoo of a snake on his left arm. 他的左臂刺了一条蛇。

　　vt.have patterns made by putting ink into the skin 在身上刺文身

　　He had the words "I love you" tattooed on his chest. 他胸前文着“我爱你”的字样。

　　The man"s left arm was tattooed with a snake. 这男人的左臂刺了一条蛇。

　　<18>piercevt.make a hole in 穿孔于，打眼于

　　Many women have pierced their ears. 很多女士都扎了耳朵眼。

　　Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung. 一颗子弹穿了她的肺后，罗斯做了紧急手术。

　　<19>boltvi.move fast or run away suddenly 奔;窜

　　The noise of the explosion made the horses bolt. 一声爆响，把那些马吓跑了。

　　Before I could say a word, she turned and bolted out the front door. 不等我说话，她转身就窜出了前门。

　　<20>upseta.feeling ill, worried, or anxious 不适的;心烦的;苦恼的

　　Phone and tell the teacher that you get an upset stomach. 打电话告诉老师你的胃不舒服。

　　I was quite upset at losing my purse. 我丢了钱包，心里非常不快。

　　vt.(upset, upset) make sb. worried, anxious, or ill 使心烦;使苦恼;使不适

　　The news of his son"s disappearance upset him. 他儿子失踪的消息使他心烦意乱。

　　What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie. 最让我不安的是她撒了谎。

　　<21>knotn.1. [C] an uncomfortable feeling, esp. in the stomach, caused by fear, anger, etc. 紧张(感);心窝揪紧

　　a knot of fear 一阵恐惧

　　There was a knot of tension in his stomach. 他感到一阵紧张。

　　2. [C] a join made by tying rope, cloth, etc. (绳索、布条等打成的)结

　　Please tie a knot at the end of rope. 请在绳子的一端打个结。

　　Can you help me undo the knot? 帮我打开这个结好吗?

　　<22>awfula.very bad or unpleasant; terrible 糟糕的;可怕的

　　It would be awful if they found out. 如果他们知道了真相，那就糟了。

　　I felt awful about not being able to help. 我帮不上忙，心里很难受。

　　<23>tunen.[C] a number of musical notes that form a pleasing pattern of sound 曲调;旋律

　　I can"t remember the tune of that song. 我记不起那首歌的调子。

　　I"ve heard that tune before, but I don"t know the words to the song. 我听过这个曲子，但记不起歌词了。

　　<24>　tunelessa.without tune; not having a pleasant tune 不成调的;不悦耳的

　　A young man walked by, singing a tuneless song. 一个年轻人从身边走过，哼着不成调的歌。

　　The song is tuneful, but her voice is tuneless. 歌很有旋律，可她的嗓子不动听。

　　<25>offensivea.causing offence; unpleasant 讨厌的;令人不快的

　　There are complaints that the advertisement was offensive to women. 有人投诉说这则广告是对女性的冒犯。

　　There is an offensive smell in the room. 房间里有难闻的气味。

　　<26>lyricn.[C] (~s) words of a song, esp. a popular song 歌词

　　I like the lyrics of this song. 我喜欢这首歌的歌词。

　　He wrote some great music, but the lyrics he wrote weren"t that good. 他创作了一些好音乐，但他写的歌词不怎么样。

　　<27>appealvi.1. (to) attract; interest 使喜欢;吸引

　　This music is too old-fashioned to appeal to young people any longer. 这音乐太老，不能再吸引年轻人。

　　The idea of working abroad really appeals to me. 到国外工作对我真的有吸引力。

　　2. make a strong request for help, support, etc. 恳请;呼吁

　　The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim. *呼吁公众提供有关被害者的情况。

　　The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them. 警察呼吁所有知情的人来和他们谈谈。

　　<28>rida.no longer annoyed by sb. or sth. unpleasant or unwanted 摆脱...的

　　Just give him the money and you can be rid of him. 给他点钱，你就可以摆脱他了。

　　Take the medicine, and you can get rid of this cold. 把药吃了，感冒就好了。

　　vt.(rid, rid) make sb. or sth. free from sth. unpleasant or unwanted 使摆脱，使去掉

　　You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas. 你必须抛掉这些陈旧的观念。

　　Will science finally rid us of this disease? 科学最终会让我们根除这种疾病吗?

　　<29>　piercing n. [C] a hole made through part of one"s body in order to wear jewelry there 刺穿的孔

　　She has piercings in both of her ears. 她两耳都打了耳朵眼。

　　Body massage and ear piercing are offered at the small shop. 这家小店提供身体按摩和穿耳孔服务。

　　<30>negativea.1.bad or harmful 不好的;负面的;消极的

　　I"m feeling very negative about my job—in fact I"m thinking about finding a new one. 我觉得我的工作很没劲，事实上我正考虑找一份新工作。

　　All this had a negative effect on my work. 所有这些对我的工作都产生了负面影响。

　　2.saying or meaning no 否定的

　　What is the negative form of this word? 这个词的否定形式是什么?

　　He gave a negative answer without any explanation. 他没有解释，只是给了否定回答。

　　<31>influencen.[C, U] an effect on sb. or sth. 影响;作用

　　The fact that he"s rich and famous had no influence on our decision. 他有钱有名气，但这不会影响我们的决定。

　　The parents were worried about the influence of Western films and TV programs on their children. 父母们担心西方电影和电视节目会影响孩子。

　　vt.have an effect on 影响

　　You must decide for yourself. Don"t let anyone else influence you. 你必须自己决定，别受他人的影响。

　　How much does TV advertising really influence what people buy? 电视广告对人们购物的影响到底有多少?

　　<32>patiencen.[U] the quality of being able to remain calm, esp. when there is a difficulty or one has to wait a long time 耐心;忍耐(性)

　　I"m sorry. I"ve got no patience with people who don"t even try. 对不起，我不能容忍那些连试一下都不肯的.人。

　　This type of medical research requires great patience. 这种医学研究需要极大的耐心。

　　<33>anchorn.1.[C] sb. or sth. that provides support and a feeling of safety 依靠，靠山

　　Parents need to be an anchor for their children. 父母应当是孩子的靠山。

　　Dad was the anchor of the family and I could always go to him for help. 爸爸是家里人的依靠，我随时可以去找他帮忙。

　　2. [C] a heavy metal object that is dropped into the water from a boat in order to keep the boat in one place 锚

　　In the morning we weighed anchor and sailed on. 清晨我们起锚继续航行。

　　We dropped anchor a few yards offshore. 我们在离岸几码远的地方抛锚。

　　<34>identityn.[C] who or what a person or thing is 身份;本体

　　To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity. 为了躲避*，他不得不隐瞒身份。

　　She applied for a teaching job under a false identity. 她用假身份申请从事教书工作。

　　Phrases and Expressions

　　<35>along withtogether with 一起，一道

　　Along with hundreds of others, she lost her job when the factory closed. 工厂倒闭，她和其他几百名工人一起失去了工作。

　　The mother was saved from the fire along with her baby. 母亲和婴儿都被从火中救了出来。

　　<36>turn offstop using a piece of equipment by moving a switch 关闭

　　Please turn all the lights off as you leave the building; we can"t afford to waste power. 离开时请将所有的灯关掉，我们浪费不起电。

　　She turned off the water, dried herself, and dressed in jeans and a shirt. 她把水关掉，擦干身上的水，然后穿上牛仔裤和衬衫。

　　<37>burst into1. enter a place suddenly 闯入

　　She burst into the manager"s office and demanded to speak to him. 她冲入经理办公室，要求当面跟他说话。

　　His partner was so excited about the news that he burst into the room to tell him. 他的伙伴听到这消息非常激动，冲进房间去告诉他。

　　2. start suddenly 突然开始

　　She burst into laughter. 她突然笑了起来。

　　Afterwards, she went straight to the ladies" room and burst into tears. 然后，她径直走进卫生间哭了起来。

　　<38>over and over again and again; repeatedly 一再，反复

　　Read the word over and over until you can say it correctly. 一遍一遍地读这个单词，直到你读对了为止。

　　They kept asking the same question over and over again. 他们反复问同一个问题。

　　<39>reach formove one"s hand or arm in order to touch or hold sth. 伸手去摸;伸手去取

　　There was no time for me to reach for my gun. 我来不及伸手掏枪。

　　There was a noise outside, so Bill reached for his flashlight. 比尔听到外面的声响，便伸手去拿手电筒。

　　<40>turn upincrease the amount of heat, sound, etc. by moving a switch 调大，开大

　　He turned the heat up because it was very cold inside the house. 他把暖气开大了点，因为屋里非常冷。

　　Is the sound turned up too loud for you? 你看这声音是否开得太大了?

　　<41>turn downreduce the amount of heat, sound, etc. by moving a switch 调小，开小

　　She could not bear the music and turned down the volume. 她受不了这种音乐，于是把音量关小了。

　　Can you turn the TV down? I"m trying to work. 你能把电视的声音开小点吗?我正想静心工作呢。

　　<42>as well asin addition to 除...之外;和

　　He"s worked in Japan as well as Italy. 他在日本工作过，也在意大利工作过。

　　Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look. 选花既要闻其香，又要观其色。

　　<43>turn oncause water, gas, etc. to flow or equipment to operate 打开开关

　　Please turn on the light for me; it"s getting dark. 天黑了，请给我开开灯。

　　Jack turned on his com*r and checked his email. 杰克打开电脑，查看电子邮件。

　　<44>as usualin the way that happens most of the time 像往常一样，照例

　　Everything went on as usual, as if nothing had happened. 一切照常进行，好像什么也没发生过。

　　As usual, they"d left the children at home with the babysitter. 像往常一样，他们将孩子留在家里由保姆看管。

　　<45>in peace and quietcalmly; in a peaceful state *静地

　　I"m tired—can"t you just leave me in peace and quiet? 我累了，你不能让我静一静吗?

　　I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem without interruption. 我希望她能让我静一静，这样我可以不受干扰，好好想一想这个问题。

　　<46>wake up (cause to) stop sleeping (使)醒来

　　Wake up, Jimmy, it"s 8: 00. 醒醒，吉米，八点钟了!

　　I"ll wake you up when it"s time to leave. 到了走的时候我会叫醒你。

　　<47>make one"s blood boil make sb. angry 使某人生气

　　Her tuneless music made her father"s blood boil. 她那难听的音乐使她父亲很生气。

　　Whenever I think about it, it makes my blood boil. 我一想起它就生气。

　　<48>get rid of 1. free oneself from sth. unwanted or unpleasant 摆脱;除去

　　I"ve tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold. 为了治好感冒，我已经试了各种药物。

　　This is an effective way to get rid of weeds. 这是一种除草的有效方法。

　　2. throw away or destroy sth. that one does not want丢弃;扔掉

　　We"re moving, so we have to get rid of a lot of our old furniture. 我们要搬家，不得不扔掉很多旧家具。

　　We should encourage the governments of the world to get rid of all nuclear weapons. 我们应该鼓励各国*销毁所有的核武器。

　　<49>knots in one"s stomachan unpleasant tight feeling 紧张，不安

　　He said he felt knots in his stomach. 他说他感到不安。

　　She had knots in her stomach before meeting his parents for the first time. 她第一次见他的父母时感到紧张。

　　<50>in any caseno matter what happens 无论如何;不管怎样

　　The cost may be lower than we first thought, but in any case it will still be a lot. 费用也许比我们当初想象的低，但无论如何仍相当可观。

　　I don"t understand why you"re against it. In any case, I"m going to try. 我不明白为什么你不同意，无论如何我要试一试。

　　<51>talk sth. over talk about sth. thoroughly and seriously, esp. in order to settle a problem or reach a decision 商议;讨论

　　If you"re worried about this change of career, why don"t you talk it over with your family? 如果你对这次变换职业担心的话，为什么不和家人商量一下呢?

　　She wanted me to go to her office to talk things over. 她要我到她办公室把事情谈清楚。

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